From alan@monosys.com Tue May 9 23:23:28 EDT 1995
Article: 42773 of comp.unix.solaris
Path: babbage.ece.uc.edu!meaddata!swiss.ans.net!newsjunkie.ans.net!gatech!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!news.sprintlink.net!demon!monosys.com!root
From: Alan
Newsgroups: comp.unix.solaris
Subject: Re: PPP Guide?
Date: 9 May 1995 15:41:09 +0100
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Message-ID: <1995May9.143524.4330@monosys.com>
References: <577cb$111627.2f2@ambra.drcoffsite.com>
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I found this document by Dave Brillhart a while ago. Its an easy
guide to setting up a PPP link although I haven't got around to
testing it yet! I will be setting up a link in the near future, so
I hope this info is correct. If anybody has problems, please keep
me informed.
Alan
This document describes how to get PPP (point-to-point protocol)
running between a PC running Windows and a Sun workstation running
Solaris 2.x (I use Solaris 2.4).
These instructions describe a basic "point-to-point" static IP setup.
More advanced configurations are available, but I've found this to be
adequate. I've only included the Sun workstation side in this document,
but I plan to add the PC side sometime this week or next.
--
Dave Brillhart
UNIX Systems Group
(407) 729-5430
David.Brillhart@harris.com
Cookbook
===============
Sun Workstation Side (22 steps)
---------------------------------
(Note: these instructions assume the modem is on serial port "a")
1.) Be sure the PPP and UUCP software (part of Solaris) is
installed. Install if necessary using either pkgadd or swmtool.
# pkginfo | egrep "PPP|UUCP"
(should return: pppk, apppr, apppu, bnuu, and bnur)
2.) Make sure the EEPROM settings are correct. The ignore-cd parameter
setting must be "true" for bi-directional modem connections
(although it seems incorrect I verified it with Sun tech support).
# eeprom | grep ttya
# eeprom ttya-mode=38400,8,n,1,h
# eeprom ttya-ignore-cd=true
# eeprom ttya-rts-dtr-off=false
3.) Reboot the system to enact the EEPROM changes (if they changed).
4.) Remove the following entries to make room for the new values.
This assumes the modem will be on port "a".
# sacadm -r -p zsmon0 2> /dev/null
# sttydefs -r conttyH8hi 2> /dev/null
# pmadm -r -p zsmon -s ttya 2> /dev/null
# pmadm -r -p zsmon0 -s ttya 2> /dev/null
5.) Hook up the modem (I use a Hayes Optima 28.8K). Use a 25-wire
straight-through RS-232 cable. Don't attempt to use a cable with
only a few wires... Turn on the modem. You should see the following
LEDs lit: "TR", "MS" and "HS".
6.) Create a new port monitor. Verify it.
# sacadm -a -p zsmon0 -t ttymon -c /usr/lib/saf/ttymon \
-v `ttyadm -V` -y "Dial in/out on serial port a"
# sacadm -l
7.) Create an 8-bit clean, HW flow control, 38400 locked, modem entry.
Verify it.
# echo "conttyH8hi:38400 -parenb cs8 ignpar opost onlcr:38400 hupcl \
-clocal -parenb ignpar cs8 -istrip -ixon ixany \
crtscts::conttyH8hi" >> /etc/ttydefs
# sttydefs -l conttyH8hi
8.) Create a port listener. Verify it.
# pmadm -a -p zsmon0 -s ttya -i root -f u -v `ttyadm -V` \
-m "`ttyadm -b -S n -d /dev/term/a -l conttyH8hi -s /usr/bin/login \
-m ldterm,ttcompat -T vt100 -i 'Terminal Disabled.' \
-p 'modem login: '`" -y " Modem port ttya"
# pmadm -l
9.) Add a line to /etc/remote to support "tip".
# echo "cuaa:dv=/dev/cua/a:br#38400" >> /etc/remote
10.) Ensure the devices are setup properly. Verify them.
# chown uucp /devices/obio/zs*:a*
# chgrp sys /devices/obio/zs*:a*
# chmod 666 /devices/obio/zs*:a*
# ls -las /devices/obio/zs*:a*
11.) Remove any processes (and lock files) attached to term/a. These
cause the dreaded "All ports busy" message.
# ps -elf | grep "term/a" | awk '{ print $4 }' | xargs -i -t kill -9 {}
# rm /var/spool/locks/LK*
12.) Talk to the modem and set it up (modify as necessary for your
particular modem). Note the two at&w steps which help if the
at&c1 command kicks you out of tip. If it does, get back in and
issue the remaining commands.
# tip cuaa
[connected]
at&f reset active to factory defaults for a clean slate
ate1 echo characters in command state
atq2 do not return result codes when answering
atw1 return negotiation progress messages
ats0=1 auto answer after 1 rings.
ats37=15 set max modulation speed to 28.8K.
ats11=60 speed up dialing by shortening inter-DTMF delays
ats70=32 increase max # frame retransmissions (default is 10)
at&k3 use hardware flow control instead of XON/XOFF
at&q5 Error control mode
at&d3 Monitor DTR signal, hangup & reset if on->off.
at&s0 assert DSR always
at&w save these custom settings in the user profile
at&c1 track presence of carrier detect signal.
at&w save these custom settings in the user profile
~. exit out of tip
13.) Find TWO free IP addresses on the SAME (sub)net as the Sun
workstation. One will be used for the serial port "network
interface" and the other will be assigned to the remote PC.
You can do this by asking your network folks, or by using
ping (to detect non-registered devices) AND nslookup (to detect
registered but unavailable devices). Here is a quick little
sh script to find open slots on a "class C" or 8-bit subnetted
Class B net. This works for Solaris. Modify the ping and
nslookup statements as necessary for your OS.
#!/bin/sh
# Dave Brillhart - (c) 1995
net=132.158.62
ip=0
while [ $ip -lt 256 ]
do
ping $net.$ip 2 > /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 1 ]
then
nslookup $net.$ip | grep -i find
fi
ip=`expr $ip + 1`
done
14.) Once you find two free IP addresses - come up with unique names
and ask your DNS folks to register the addresses. Be sure to
request both forward ("A" or name-to-IP) and reverse ("PTR" or
IP-to-name) mappings. The reverse mappings are required to
satisfy some services which employee domain filtering.
For example, my addresses are:
132.158.62.200 unix_ppp.mis.semi.harris.com
132.158.62.205 pc_ppp.mis.semi.harris.com
15.) Now enter the two new addresses in your /etc/hosts file. Do this
even if you use DNS - since PPP starts up prior to the name
service.
132.158.62.200 unix_ppp
132.158.62.205 pc_ppp
16.) Create the "PPP" user account by editing the /etc/passwd and
/etc/shadow files. Here are my entries. Change the password for
the ppp_user account using the "passwd" command.
/etc/passwd
------------
ppp_user:x:1115:10:PPP User:/:/usr/sbin/aspppls
/etc/shadow
------------
ppp_user:e465dfvf2sqwi:9119::::::
17.) Add the following to the bottom of the /etc/asppp.cf file. Modify
the names of your two IP addresses.
ifconfig ipdptp0 plumb unix_ppp pc_ppp up netmask +
path
ipcp_async_map 0
inactivity_timeout 90000
interface ipdptp0
peer_system_name ppp_user
18.) Add a published "arp" entry for the new interface. First find the
Physical address (ethernet address) of the network adapter attached
to the ethernet (mine is le0). Substitute your ethernet address and
the DNS name of your remote PC.
ifconfig -a | grep ether
/usr/sbin/arp -s pc_ppp 8:0:20:11:e4:2d pub
/usr/sbin/arp -a
19.) Create a file so that the arp entry is added at boot time. I called
the file "/etc/rc3.d/S99arp_ppp". Owner: root. Perm: 755. It
contains the following line.
# echo "/usr/sbin/arp -s pc_ppp 8:0:20:11:e4:2d pub" > /etc/rc3.d/S99arp_ppp
# chown root /etc/rc3.d/S99arp_ppp
# chmod 755 /etc/rc3.d/S99arp_ppp
20.) Create (or append to) the file /etc/gateways and add the following
line. Kill and restart in.routed.
norip ipdptp0
21.) Create a defaultrouter entry in the file /etc/defaultreouter. This
will eliminate the possibility of RIP packets and IP forwarding
down the PPP pipe. This also disables Solaris' dynamic routing.
Determine which router to put in by running "netstat -r" and
using the most common "gateway" entry. The file should contain
a single line such as the following (use the IP address for your
router). I had to reboot for this to take effect. HUPing
in.routed did not do the trick.
132.158.62.254
21.) Manually start the PPP process. This is not normally needed since
it will start at boot time.
/etc/init.d/asppp start (replace start with stop to stop it)
22.) Verify things are working:
a.) ps -e | grep asppp
b.) tail /var/adm/log/asppp.log
c.) arp -a (verify arp entry)
d.) ifconfig -a (verify ipdptp0 entry)
e.) netstat -rn | egrep "default|ipdptp0"
verify only one default pointed to router and
that there is an ipdptp0 entry.
132.158.62.205 132.158.62.200 UH 2 76 ipdptp0
default 132.158.62.254 UG 0 1796
At this point, you can fire up your PC software. I use both Trumpet
Winsock and Netmanage's Chameleon_Sampler. They both work great. I've
been on for days, using Netscape, telnet, finger, FTP, and other
clients simultaneously. I've even got NCD's PC-Xware to work as an
X-server over the PPP link, but that only works with Chameleon.
Good Luck... Let me know if you have any other questions.
From harish@holmes.ece.orst.edu Mon May 29 14:08:37 EDT 1995
Article: 44669 of comp.unix.solaris
Path: babbage.ece.uc.edu!news.cs.indiana.edu!rutgers!engr.orst.edu!holmes.ece.orst.edu!harish
From: harish@holmes.ece.orst.edu (Harish Pillay)
Newsgroups: comp.unix.solaris,comp.sys.sun.managers
Subject: Mini How-to: Sol 2.4 With Asynch PPP and Leased Lines
Date: 29 May 1995 04:37:17 GMT
Organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Oregon State University
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Here is a simple How-to to connect a Sun Solaris 2.4 Asynchronous
PPP (bundled into the OS) with a leased line connection.
These are the files you need to edit:
a) /etc/uucp/Devices
b) /etc/uucp/Systems
c) /etc/asppp.cf
d) /etc/hosts
e) /etc/init.d/asppp
f) /etc/defaultrouter
Also, if you can, get hold of the following from SunSoft:
TCP/IP Network Administration Guide (250 pages)
Part No: 801-6632-10
SunSoft,
2550 Garcia Avenue,
Mountain View,
CA 94043, USA.
+1-415-960-1300, fax: +1-415-969-9131
My setup:
_____
===internal LAN===||===| | M | 9600 leased line
|| |___|================(remote-end)==>Internet
||le0 || ipdptp0
-||-----------||----
| Sun IPC |
| with Solaris 2.4 |
--------------------
The IP numbers (fictitious here, use real ones for your config) are as
follows:
le0: 1.2.3.4
ipdptp0: 5.6.7.2
remote-end: 5.6.7.1
Modem (M above) is a Racal 14.4 modem but strapped to run at 9600.
Here is the contents of the 6 files mentioned above:
a) /etc/uucp/Devices
#-----------------------------------------------------------
remote-end term/b,M - Any direct
ACU term/b,M - Any direct
#-----------------------------------------------------------
Note: the 2nd serial port is being used here. If you are using the
first serial port, change "term/b" to "term/a" above.
b) /etc/uucp/Systems
#-----------------------------------------------------------
remote-end Any ACU 9600 remote-end ""
#-----------------------------------------------------------
Note: There is no send-expect string at the end. It is always up
and no login is needed.
c) /etc/asppp.cf
#-----------------------------------------------------------
#
ifconfig ipdptp0 plumb 5.6.7.2 5.6.7.1 netmask 255.255.255.252 up
#
path
inactivity_timeout 0 # Don't timeout at all
interface ipdptp0
peer_system_name remote-end # The name we log in with
# (also in /etc/uucp/Systems)
peer_ip_address remote-end
debug_level 3 # upto 9. Output in /var/adm/log/asppp.log
default_route
ipcp_async_map 0x000a0000
# ipcp_async_map 0xFFFFFFFF # asynch map default if not specified
# ipcp_compress vj # specifies VJ compression on (default)
# ipcp_compress off
# lcp_compression on # specifies whether PPP address, control and
# lcp_compression off # protocol field compression is enabled. def=on
lcp_mru 1500 # max receive unit packet size, in octets
# 1500 being the default
#-----------------------------------------------------------
Note: Change the netmask number above to whatever your internet
access provider suggests.
d) /etc/hosts
#-----------------------------------------------------------
# Internet host table
#
127.0.0.1 localhost
1.2.3.4 gateway gateway.mydomain.com mailhost mydomain.com
5.6.7.2 gateway.mydomain.com gateway loghost
5.6.7.1 remote-end remote-end.internetaccessprovider.net
#-----------------------------------------------------------
e) /etc/init.d/asppp (Should have been provided by Sun)
#-----------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
#
#ident "@(#)asppp 1.14 94/02/01 SMI"
#
# Copyright (c) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
#
# Asynchronous PPP start/stop script
#
PATH=/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export PATH
REQ_FILES="/usr/sbin/aspppd \
/usr/sbin/aspppls"
mode=$1
set `id`
if [ $1 != "uid=0(root)" ]; then
echo "$0: this script must be run as root ... fatal error"
exit 1
fi
for FILE in $REQ_FILES; do
if [ ! -f $FILE ]; then
echo "$0: Asynchronous PPP has been installed but"
echo "not configured correctly"
echo "$0: $FILE not found"
echo "$0: please refer to the PPP documentation"
exit 1
fi
done
case "$mode" in
'start')
# Start aspppd
if test -f /etc/asppp.cf
then
# execute the ifconfig lines.
nawk '/^[ \t]*ifconfig/ { system($0) }' < /etc/asppp.cf
/usr/sbin/aspppd -d 3
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "aspppd not started, see /var/adm/log/asppp.log"
fi
fi
;;
'stop')
# Stop aspppd
id=`ps -e | grep aspppd | awk '{print $1}'`
if test -n "$id"
then
kill $id
fi
if test -f /etc/asppp.cf
then
# use ifconfig to make the interfaces down just in case
nawk '/^[ \t]*ifconfig/ { system("ifconfig " $2 " down")
}' < /etc/asppp.cf
fi
;;
*) # usage
echo "usage: $0 start|stop"
exit 1
;;
esac
#-----------------------------------------------------------
f) /etc/defaultrouter
#-----------------------------------------------------------
5.6.7.1
#-----------------------------------------------------------
Observations on the operation of the connection:
First, all the logging of the PPP activity is in /var/adm/log/asppp.log. It
is a very useful log file and the amount of info logged is controlled by the
debug_level parameter in /etc/asppp.cf file. The most amount of info (down
to the packet itself) is level 9.
I experienced some problems with the link. It turned out to be a problem
with the leased line itself. This problem manifests in the following manner:
a) The line drops and the asynchronous PPP link terminates.
b) The log file says that "Error 62" occurred and that the "timer
expired". There is no clue anywhere as to why the "timer expired"
and no idea what "Error 62" is.
The problem was solved when it was determined that the transmit and receive
levels of the leased lines were too low. By upping the signal level (in
my case to about 300mV AC), the link was stablized. The problems occurred
when the signal level was half of what it was to have been.
The aspppd is started when the system is booted up, and since my setup says
that the timeout is 0 seconds, it will stay up all the time.
I hope someone will find this information useful.
Enjoy.
--
Harish Pillay h.pillay@ieee.org
Singapore
This document will be available at the web site above.