From: montjoy@thor.ece.uc.edu (Rob Montjoy)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.sun.admin,comp.sys.sun.misc,comp.unix.solaris,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: FAQ: Sun Computer Administration Frequently Asked Questions
Followup-To: poster
Organization: University of Cincinnati
Sender: montjoy@thor.ece.uc.edu (Rob Montjoy)
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
Distribution: inet
Reply-To: Rob.Montjoy@UC.EDU
Summary: Answers to questions which appear in comp.sys.sun.*
Keywords: Sun Computer Admin FAQ


Archive-name: comp-sys-sun-faq
Last-modified: 1995/4/27
Version: 1.9.13

Frequently Asked Questions for Comp.sys.sun.admin

Last update April 27 1995

This is a collection of common questions posted to the comp.sys.sun.*
hierarchy.

Please send corrections or submissions to "Rob.Montjoy@UC.EDU". Mark
the Subject as Sun FAQ. Remember lets make this a better FAQ and
that requires submissions and corrections so if you have
an answer to a nontrival question send it to me.

This FAQ is available from thor.ece.uc.edu (129.137.8.118)
in the /pub/sun-faq/FAQs. Get the file sun-faq.general. The sun-faq
directory is also available from gopher.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118).
Many other related FAQ's are in this directory too.

Other FAQ's that you should check are as follows:

	Sun Hardware FAQ edited by James W. Birdsall 
	Sun Managers FAQ edited by John DiMarco  
	Solaris2.x FAQ edited by Casper Dik 
	   	An HTML version is available from
			ftp://ftp.fwi.uva.nl/pub/comp/solaris2.html

	Solaris2.x Porting FAQ by David Meyer 
	Celeste's Guide to Terminals & Modems under Solaris 2.x edited
	 by Celeste Stokely 

I try to keep these up to date copies of all these files in 
	~ftp/pub/sun-faq/FAQs on thor.ece.uc.edu (129.137.8.118)


Notes:	As of this writing almost all of these questions apply
      	to SunOS versions up to 4.1.4. SunOS 5.x questions
      	will start appearing gradually as more people start
      	installing SunOS 5.x(Solaris 2.x). 

	I am looking for suggestions on how to split this FAQ into
	sections. These sections should follow the comp.sys.sun.* 
	newsgroups(app, hardware, admin, misc, and wanted) and
	section on bettering Sun Security. Basically, what
	will end up with is a FAQ on each subject. Each
	FAQ will have a Solaris1.x Section, a Solaris2x section,
	and a section common to both.

	I will probably need some volunteers to help coordinate
	this undertaking.. Send suggestion to the usual address.

	Some of these questions are out of date and need updating
	when I get the time(or maybe a little birdie will do it for
	me) I will update them. Thanks.


This article includes answers to the following questions, which are loosely
grouped into categories. Questions marked with a '+' indicate questions
new to this issue; those with significant changes of content since the 
last issue are marked by '!'.

Questions

  1. How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?
  2. How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?
  3. How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?
  4. Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5?
  5. What does "NFS write error X" mean?
  6. How do I find the amount of memory installed or other system configuration information?
  7. Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?
  8. Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?
  9. How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed environment?
  10. Why does the talk command fail between SunOS and any other manufacturer's equipment (like DEC)?
  11. How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?
  12. ! How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?
  13. What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?
  14. Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?
  15. Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity model?
  16. How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?
  17. Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?
  18. Why are the "random" missing services at boot time or any other time (even though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?
  19. Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 8-mm tape drives (at a reasonable price)?
  20. What is "archie"?
  21. How do I synchronize time on my Network?
  22. What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance to Sun Users?
  23. How do I join sun related mailing lists?
  24. How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?
  25. How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?
  26. Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked environment?
  27. How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?
  28. Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?
  29. What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?
  30. What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?
  31. What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?
  32. What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?
  33. What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages, signify?
  34. How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?
  35. I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in. What's wrong?
  36. ! Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?
  37. How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the state of the Carrier Detect line?
  38. I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry, for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change. Why?
  39. I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock, Control, and Esc keys inconvenient. How do I remedy this?
  40. How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?
  41. My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler. How can I get one?
  42. How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?
  43. I'm getting messages that say one of the following:
    	 	proc: table is full	and/or
            	file: table is full	and/or
            	dquot: table is full 	and/or
            	inode: table is full
         	What do these errors mean, and how do I fix the problem?
  44. Blank at present.
  45. How do I run X11R5 applications under Openwindows or Openwindows applications under X11R5?
  46. Where do I find a "restricted" shell for SunOS?
  47. Will SunOS 4.1.x binaries run under SunOS 5.x?
  48. When I try to compile MITs X11R4 applications under Openwindows 3.0,
    	I get the following "undefined" symbols(_get_wmShellWidgetClass, and
    	_get_applicationShellWidgetClass). What is the Problem?
  49. ! What is Solaris?
  50. What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean?
  51. How come my mouse only works in the vertical(or horizontal) direction, how do I repair it?
  52. After rebuilding the shared library libc it get some or all the following undefined symbols: dlsym, dlopen, dlclose mbstowcs_xccs, mbtowc_xccs,wcstombs_xccs, or wctomb_xccs.
  53. What does "No network locking on host" mean after upgrading to Solaris 2.0?
  54. Does Password Aging work with NIS(YP) ?
  55. What does "rpc.lockd: Cannot contact status monitor!" mean?
  56. How do I join the Sun User Group(SUG)?
  57. How do I increase the number of "pseudo" terminals(ptys) ?
  58. Where are dump and restore under Solaris 2.x?
  59. How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm?
  60. How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard under Openwindows 3.0?
  61. ! Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?
  62. My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do?
  63. Table of Solaris2.x commands and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
  64. How do I setup DNS on Solaris2.x?
  65. Can a SPARCclassic or LX run SunOS 4.1.3?
  66. I just restored my root partation and now I can not boot. What is wrong?
  67. How do I disable/enable packet forwarding?
  68. How do I disable the printing of banners pages?
  69. How do I change my hostname?
  70. Table of Solaris2.x files and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
  71. ! Where can I get the BSD print spooler for Solaris2.x?
  72. ! Where is the Solaris2.x screenblank?
  73. ! Is there a command to display the configuration of currently attached SCSI devices?
  74. My printer will not print large files(over 1-megabyte), I keep getting "file to big" errors. What do I do?
  75. I keep getting "data corruption" when using NFS over a wan, or slip/ppp link. What do I do?
  76. Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?
  77. Is there a mailing list for Wabi?
  78. Are there any public domain Multi-Vendor backup management systems?
  79. How to determine the revision of SuperSPARC processor.
  80. How do I install SunOS4.1.x by hand (off a CD)?
  81. Why won't my SUN207 (Maxtor LXT213) hard drive work in my SPARCstation 10/xx?
  82. ! I'm running SunOS/4.1.x and every time I try to format my new 9GB SCSI disk I get "format failed" messages -- what's broke, and how can I fix it?
  83. ! I can not get my new Exabyte 8505 (or others) working under SunOS (or Solaris) What to do ?
  84. The keyboard keeps stop working after exiting X or Openwin. What to do?
  85. ! How do I re-build the kernel under SunOS4.x?
  86. How do I hook up a HP(or other) Desktop SCANNER?
  87. ! How do I find which process has a file open?
  88. How do I create a partition greater than 2-gig on SunOS4.1.x?
  89. Why do I keep having to answer the question "CLEAN FLAG IN SUPERBLOCK IS WRONG; Fix?" when running fsck on an active filesystem?
  90. Are dynamically linked setuid executables insecure?
  91. How do I change the default router under Solaris1.x or Solaris2.x?
  92. What is the difference between the Domestic vs International version of SunOS 4.1.x?
  93. Where can I get the latest version of TOP?
  94. Can I run the SX card in a Sun running SunOS4.1.x?
  95. I just changed my shell to tcsh(or pick a favorite) and get "530 User xyzz access denied" when ftping into this machine. What is the problem?
  96. How do I put several dump images on one tape?
  97. Can I "dump" the whole disk to tape in one command? (even with several slices/partitions)
  98. Where do I get software for my HP JetDirect Ethernet Card?
  99. I do not know the root password, What do I do?
  100. Where do I find a POP server for Solaris or SunOS?
  101. How do I clear Stale NFS Filehandles?
  102. How can I use the same ethernet interface for two different IP networks?
  103. Where do I get CAP for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?
  104. Where do I get DOOM for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?
  105. Why does "dump/ufsdump" tell me it is rewinding the tape even when I specified the "no rewind" device?
  106. How can you I speed up filesystem restores and/or copies?

Answers

 1) 	How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?

	Note: Solaris2.x users should see question 64..
	
        The "normal" behavior of a hostname lookup under NIS is to
        consult the NIS hosts map and then DNS (if configured). If
	you are not running NIS the system will only look in 
	the /etc/hosts file. 

	You have two options to correct this situation:

		A) Re-build the shared library version of libc with replacement
		   resolver routines which understand DNS. Resolv+ provides one
	           of the best sets of replacement routines and it is easy
		   to install. Resolv+ can be obtained from

		   	thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/resolv+2.1.1.tar.Z

		   Rebuilding the shared library will not allow  statically
		   linked binaries to do name resolving and these binaries
		   will only use /etc/hosts. "Dynamically linked"
		   replacements for mount and rcp are available from

	   		thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/rcp-mount.dyn.tar.Z

		   This file only contains sun4 binaries. A Sun 3 binary
		   for mount can be retrieved from

	   		thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/mount.sun3.Z
		
		   To be able to rebuild shared libraries you need to 
		   install the "shlib custom" option which is available
		   with SunOS version 4.1 or greater. 

		   If you want to do it under 4.0.3 you need to get the
		   patches available from ftp.uu.net (192.48.96.9) in the
		   /systems/sun/sun-fixes directory. You will need the following
		   files: 
			lib.msg, libc_pic.a.sun3 or libc_pic.a.sun4 and
			libc_resolv.so.sun3 or libc_resolv.so.sun4

		   Make sure to get the README that cames with these files.
		   It is in the same directory.
		   
        	   You can still use NIS for other things in environment,
	           such as passwd, and group maps.

		B) Run NIS with the "hosts" maps only. If you 
		   only need DNS capability than change the "all"
		   line /var/yp/Makefile to "all:  hosts".  

		   It does not require any changes to shared libraries.
		
		   See question 2 for complete directions on how to setup
		   DNS with NIS.

	Last Updated:  January 30, 1995.
 
 2) 	How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?

	First setup your /etc/resolv.conf file.

	Use this file as a template.

	;
	; Data file for a client.
	;
	domain		ece.uc.edu		; local domain 
	nameserver	129.137.8.118		; primary domain nameserver
	nameserver	129.137.32.101		; secondary domain nameserver 

	Where:	"local domain" is the domain part of the hostnames.
		 For example, if your hostname is "thor.ece.uc.edu"
		 your "local domain" is "ece.uc.edu" or you could use
		"uc.edu". 

	Verify using nslookup that you are now resolving names
	via DNS. Try something like "nslookup ftp.uu.net" and
	see if you get back the IP address.

	You will need to put a copy of this resolv.conf on
	all NIS servers including slaves.

	After you have the /etc/resolv.conf setup and working do 
	the following:

	Under SunOS 4.1 and greater, change the "B=" at the top
	of the /var/yp/Makefile to "B=-b" or if using 4.0.x, edit
	/var/yp/Makefile or apply the following "diff":

*** Makefile.orig       Wed Jan 10 13:22:11 1990
--- Makefile    Wed Jan 10 13:22:01 1990
***************
*** 63 ****
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
--- 63 ----
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
***************
*** 66 ****
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \
--- 66 ----
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \

	Now setup NIS in the usual fashion (ypinit -m ) or if your "brave"
	and have already setup NIS just re-make the hosts map. Something
	like this should work remove /var/yp/hosts.time, cd /var/yp, 
	and type make (i.e. cd /var/yp; /bin/rm -f hosts.time ; make).


	You will need reboot the machine or restart ypserv for these changes
	to take affect.

	The manpage for ypserv incorrectly states that you need to
	start ypserv with the -d option to get DNS to work with NIS.
	The manpage is incorrect -d option is for debugging.

	If you need a copy of the NIS Makefile look in /usr/lib (NIS.Makefile).

	Last Updated:  January 30, 1995.

 
 3)	How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?

	On the Client machines:

		A) mount /var/spool/mail with the no attribute caching
		   option.
		
		   An example, fstab line would be the following:

		   mailhost:/var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail nfs rw,noac 0 0

		B) Use a sendmail.cf that forces all mail to be delivered
		   by the mailhost. 

		   One such file is available via anonymous ftp to 
		   thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file 

				/pub/sun-faq/sendmail.client.cf

		   Do not use the OR option that Sun provides. It is broken
		   in many ways.

	On the server machine:
	
		A) Setup DNS MX records pointing to the mailhost for
		   all client machines.

		B) Edit the /etc/exports file to export /var/spool/mail
		   to the mail client machines. You may want
		   to use a netgroup for this purpose.

		C) Setup the /etc/sendmail.cf on the server recognize
		   that mail to/from a client is "local".

		   One such file is available via anonymous ftp to 
		   thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file 

				/pub/sun-faq/sendmail.server.cf
		
	Note: 	You may want to install Berkeley sendmail instead of Suns
		stock sendmail. 



 4) 	Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5(6)?

	AnswerBook in its current form requires the Openwindows
	server. It uses the NeWS/Display Postscript extensions
	to this server to display the Answerbook files.

	To use AnswerBook under X11R5 you will need to replace the 
	docviewer program with program that calls Ghostscript to view
	these pages.  A replacement docviewer can downloaded from
	thor.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118) as /pub/sun-faq/Source/docviewer.tar.gz
	This kit contains more than one  docviewer. Try using
	the one in the toplevel docviewer directory.

	This replacement docviewer does not support all the options that
 	the "real" docviewer supports such as "hypertext" links.

	To install the replacement "docviewer" you will also need 
	Ghostscript 2.4 or above and Ghostview 1.3 or above both of
 	which are available from prep.ai.mit.edu in the /pub/gnu directory.

	This replacement docviewer is reported to work with all versions
	of AnswerBook but not as well as the original :).
	

 5)     What does "NFS write error X" mean?

        You can lookup the error codes in /usr/include/sys/errno.h.

        Two common NFS error codes are 13 - "permission denied" and 70 -
        "stale file handle".

	Error code 13 can occur from incorrect /etc/exports entry. Also,
	it can occur because someone has changed the /etc/exports
	entry to disallow the client after the client has already
	been granted permission to perform this operation.

        Error code 70 occurs when the file handle on the
	NFS server changes for a particular filesystem.
	The "file handle" can be changed under the following
	circumstances:
		
		A) Installing a new drive in place of an old.

		B) Moving a filesystem from one devices to
		   another.

		C) Performing a format, newfs, dump, and restore
		   cycle. Even if to the same device.

		D) Unmounting a file system without remounting it.

		E) Unmounting a High Sierra/ISO 9660 CD-ROM and
	           mounting a different CD.

        You can usually get rid of the error by unmounting and
        remounting the filesystem in question. 

	Also, error code 70 can occur when someone removes a file 
	that a process is actively writing from a NFS client machine.

        Under SunOS 4.1, you can run "showfh" to translate the NFS
        "file handle" given in the error message into a Unix pathname.
        Beware that showfhd does a "find" on your server to get the
        filename.  "man 2 intro" will give you some more general
        information on what error codes could mean.

	You will need a patch to get "showfh" to work correctly. The patch
	id is 100371 and this patch is required for 4.1, 4.1.1, and 4.1.2.
	This patch has been integrated into 4.1.3.

 6)	How do I find the amount of memory installed or other
	system configuration information?

	You can use the "devinfo" command to find out genera information 
	about the hardware attached to your Sun. The "devinfo" command is 
        only available on desktop SPARCsystems, SPARCengine 1E(although not
        in the version used in Auspex systems), or 600MP series server only.

	Also, most clones should support devinfo.  Any machine that has an 
	SBus will probably support "devinfo"; any machine that doesn't have an
	SBus probably won't support "devinfo".
	
	The "best" command for the job is "sysinfo". Sysinfo is public
	domain utility available via "anonymous" ftp on usc.edu in directory
	/pub/sysinfo. Sysinfo works on all Sun architectures(including Sun-3s)
        as well as many other UNIX boxes such as Ultrix, and Next. Also,
	it works on SunOS5.x machines.

	Note:  "wc -l /dev/mem" and "dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null" and 
               the like will *not* give the correct answer on machines 
	       where physical memory is not contiguous, such as many Suns.


 7)     Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?

	Get the wuarchive ftp daemon. It is available from
        wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4) in the directory
        /packages/wuarchive-ftpd

	A version of the wuarchive ftpd daemon that compiles right out
	of the box for Solaris2.x machines can be had from
	thor.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118) in the /pub/sun-faq directory.
	Remember to specify your own paths in the src/pathnames.h file.

	The stock Sun ftpd will log some information if you add the "-l"
       	flag in /etc/inetd.conf:

        	ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/in.ftpd in.ftpd -l

        Also enable syslogd by adding:

        daemon.info      /var/adm/syslog

        to "/etc/syslog.conf".


 8)     Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?

        Many anonymous ftp sites have partial collections of patches.
        These sites include the following:
	
	Sun sanctioned sites:
		sunsolve1.sun.com:/pub/patches/
    			via WWW http://sunsolve1.sun.com/
		sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/sun-info/sun-patches/
    		sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/sun-info/sun-patches/
    		sunsite.sut.ac.jp:/pub/sun-info/sun-us/sun-patches/
    		sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk:/sun/sunsite-sun-info/sun-patches/

	Note: You should always attempt to find a local site before
	      using the above.

	sunsolve1.sun.com contains a collection of recommended and 
	security patches. Be sure to check out the 2.x_Recommended.tar.Z
	files which contain all the Recommended patches in  one file.
	The "Sunsites" are essentially mirrors of sunsolve.

	Support Customers:

    	Starting with SunSolve CD 2.1.2 ALL Sun patches are shipped
    	on the SunSolve CD.

    	Support customers can get all patches via ftp from Sunsolve
    	or by e-mail and query one of the online sunsolve-databases
    	on the internet.

	Some notes:	

	Do install the Recommended patches. 

	If you find a bug report it to Sun. This is the only way
	it will get fixed.

	Do not "blindly" install all patches. Sun does not always
	have time to test for possible interactions between patches.

	Do not install patches for applications that you to do use.

	Do install patches for "bugs" that are actually affecting you.

	Last Updated:  January 30, 1995.


 9)	How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed
	environment?

	Sun's original assumption that each user has a permanent machine 
	allocated to them is not applicable in most environments. Just as 
	users send mail to 'user' rather than 'user@machine', users want 
	to browse others user's calendars and do not care or want to know
	where the calendar is actually stored.

	Here is procedure to accomplish our goal. All calendars
	will be stored on a central server. The initial setup
	must be done on the server.

		A) Have the user login to the calendar host(calhost)
		   machine.
		
		B) Change everyone's .cm.rc file so that 
		   Calendar.DefaultCal points to user@calhost

		   calhost can be an hostname alias or an actual
		   hostname. You may want to use the alias
		   just in case you change the "calhost" later.
	
		C) Change their Access List and Permissions (under
	           Edit/Properties) to show user@client with BID (browse,
	           insert, delete) permissions for any client machine the
		   user wanted to access their calendar from.

	Notes: If you use the scheme you should not NFS mount 
	       /var/spool/calendar on the client machines.

	or

	You can install the "Proxy OpenWindows Calendar Manager", which
	is available via anonymous FTP from thor.ece.uc.edu in
	/pub/sun-faq/proxy-cmsd.tar.Z.

	or
	
	You can install the "new cm daemon" which allows you to access
	several Calendar hosts at once. It implements the "original"
	rpc.cmsd daemon semantics(unlike proxy-cmsd) and thus all
	the features(of CM) will work as documented.  The latest source
	for this daemon was available via anonymous FTP from
	ftp.amdahl.com (129.212.11.1) in the  /pub/newcm_d directory
	but alas it is no longer but you can still get a copy from
	from thor.ece.uc.edu as /pub/sun-faq/newcm_d-1.3.tar.Z

	As of this writing newcm is being ported to Solaris2.x.

10) 	Why does the talk command fail between SunOS
	and any other manufacturer's equipment(like DEC)? 

	SunOS has the old BSD 4.2 version of talk. The old talk
	uses "machine dependent" byte ordering. Since
	DEC has different byte order the two talks can not
	communicate(even if you use "otalk" on the DEC
	machines).
	
	Also, most vendors have the newer version of 
	talk from BSD-4.3 and this version is not compatible
	with the Sun Version(which is BSD-4.2).

	The solution is to get and install the new version
	of talk because it uses "network" byte ordering and
	it is compatible with most Vendors current talk 
	implementations.
	
	"New Talk" is available via anonymous ftp from several
	sites including thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file 
	/pub/sun-faq/Source/ntalk.tar.Z.   Solaris2.x users will need
	to compile this in Berkeley compatibility mode.
	
	Finally, a program called Ytalk can be used with either
	"New talk" or "Old talk" and compiles on all versions
	of SunOS(Greater than 4.x including 5.x).
	Ytalk can be obtained from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
		/pub/sun-faq/Source/ytalk-3.0.x.tar.gz

11)	How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?
	
        Read the man page ftpd(8) in the SunOS 4.x documentation, as 
        the procedure differs from vanilla BSD and most examples in 
        system administration books. 

	The "ls" binary is dynamically linked, requiring you to 
	duplicate ld.so, libc.so.* and /dev/zero in the ftp area.
	The permissions and ownership of the files within the 
        ftp area are critical to having a secure configuration.
	
	Note: For SunOS versions 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 you will need
	      to copy /usr/lib/libdl.so.* to the ftp area as well.

	You can use a "statically" linked binary from the GNU
	fileutils instead of the "dynamically" linked SunOS
	version. You can get the GNU fileutils from prep.ai.mit.edu
	in the directory /pub/gnu

	There is also a statically linked version of ls for Suns
	running SunOS 4.1.x, available via anonymous ftp from
	thor.ece.uc.edu.  Get the file /pub/sun-faq/ls.statically-linked
	or get it from the SunOS install CD in the "tools" directory.

	A complete procedure to setup anonymous under SunOS is
	available via anonymous ftp to thor.ece.uc.edu. Get
	the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.how-to.

	There is an _excellent_ script written by Peter N. Lewis
	(peter.lewis@info.curtin.edu.au) for setting up anonymous ftp
	located on thor.ece.uc.edu, in the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.scrpt

12)     How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?

        There is a bug in 4.1 rpc.yppasswdd that causes it misinterpret
        the command line arguments.  A work-around is to add the
        "-nosingle" flag (which is the default), this shifts the
        arguments over one, so "passwd" is read instead of "-m".
	Also, you should use the complete path to rpc.yppasswdd

        For example:

        /usr/etc/rpc.yppasswdd /var/yp/passwd -nosingle -m passwd DIR=/var/yp

	Note: Only use the DIR=/var/yp if your source files for passwd, group,
	      etc are in /var/yp. If they are in /etc you do not need
              to and should not specify the DIR= parameter.

	Also, you can modify the NIS Makefile to change to the location
	of the maps (ie modify DIR= in /var/yp/Makefile). Than you
	could use something like this instead of the above line:

		/usr/etc/yppasswdd /var/yp/maps/passwd -noshell -m passwd

	This assumes that all NIS text/source files are in 
		/var/yp/maps
            
        If you are running the C2 security package, you should apply
        the C2 Jumbo patch, as it fixes several problems with rpc.yppasswdd
	and rpc.pwdauthd. The patch number is

	100201-04 or greater for SunOS 4.1 and 4.1.1
	100564-06 or greater for SunOS 4.1.2 and 4.1.3

	Last Updated:  April 27, 1995.

13)     What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?

        You are probably running a pre-4.0 version of NFS and your
        username is in more than 8 groups.  There is a limit on the
        number of groups that could be represented in the rpc service
        (called NGRPS).  On pre-4.0 systems this was 8, now it is 16.
        Since many vendors other than Sun are still running old versions
        of NFS, you might see this error even if your SunOS is recent.

        Authentication errors are also caused by having secure RPC
        enabled on the client but not on the server, or by having a
        misconfigured secure RPC configuration for the user name
        generating the errors.  Beware of this problem when you are
        using the automounter, as programs (such as Sendmail) may
        silently fail when when they try to mount a directory
        and get this error.


14)     Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?

	This the now infamous Quantum drive "stickation" problem.

	If the drive is allowed to cool down(even for a short period 
	of time) the drive lubricant will congeal and prevent the disks
	platters from rotating. 

	Before you get a replacement, try lightly tapping
        the drive to loosen the lubricant. If this does not work try
	shaking and twisting the drive at the same time. One last
	thing to try is to lift the system up a couple of inches
	and drop it.

15)     Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity
        model?

	The newer disk drives can be used without worrying about heat
	or power supply capacity problems. 

	However, older technology drives drives create more heat and draw
	more power than the 105S.  The case cooling ability and power supply
        in the SS-1 and SS-1+ are not adequate for the 210 megabyte or higher
        capacity drives possible in the SS-2.

	As long as you make sure that the drive draws no more power
	than the 105-Meg drive you should have no problems.

	Only the SPARCstation 1 and 1+ have these limitations.

16)     How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?

        You can use Seth Robertson's Xkernel package.  It is available
        via anonymous ftp from ftp.ctr.columbia.edu (128.59.64.40) in
        /Xkernel.  The package describes how to configure a minimal kernel
        that runs the X server and offloads all the clients onto another,
        hopefully more powerful host on the network. 

	As of this writing the current version of Xkernel is 2.0 and
	it should work on both SPARC and Sun3 platforms.

	Xkernel is attractive to some sites that have a large investment in 
        sun3 platforms, as moving  most of the processing off the sun3 
        cpu makes it tolerable to use.  

	Finally, a used 3/50 is competitive with low-end X Terminal and 
        you get a 19" monitor with an optical mouse.  


17)	Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange
	alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?

        The problem is /etc/ttytab, with 4.1.3, the console is now
	able to display 8 bits characters and getty must take this 
	into account.

	The solution is easy, replace your console entry in /etc/ttytab 
	by the following, the important part is 'cons8':

	console "/usr/etc/getty cons8"  sun             on local secure

	Also, if you did an upgrade(instead of a full install) you may 
	need to add the following to your /etc/gettytab.

	# This is a new entry to internationalize the console.  It needs to be
	# 8 bit clean so that ISO 8859 characters can be displayed without
	# the window system.
	#
	cons8:\
        	:p8:lm=\r\n%h login\72 :sp#9600:


18)  	Why are the "random" missing services at boot time or any other time
	(even though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?

	The three primary causes for "random" missing services are
	as follows:

		A) "Blank" lines in /etc/services on the YP/NIS Master.
		   Delete the blank line and remake the services map.

		B) Check the permissions on /etc/services. Non-root
		   processes need read permissions so /etc/services
		   should be mode 644.

		C) NIS/YP server not responding quickly enough
		   to the "getservbyname" call because each getservbyname
		   call reads the whole map.  One fix is to replace the 
		   systems version of inetd with a version that re-tries the
		   "unknown" service.

		   I have "hacked" a version of munetd(public domain
		   replacement for inetd) to do this. It is available
		   from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file 
			/pub/sun-faq/Source/munetd.tar.Z

		   Another solution to this problem is outlined in part C below.

		D) Sun's implementation of the services map is incorrect. To
	           correct this problem you will need to replace some library
		   routines in libc and rebuild the shared library.
		   These routines and directions on installing them are
		   available from thor.ece.uc.edu.  Get the file 
		   /pub/sun-faq/Source/getservent.tar.Z.

		E) Another fix(if you do not want to modify your libc's) is
		   to just remove the services map from NIS. However,
		   you will need to update the services file by hand on
		   all clients. We are running all NIS hosts this way and
	           it seems to work quite well.

		

19)	Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 8-mm tape drives(at
	reasonable price)?

	Here is an incomplete list of vendors how have "data certified"
	tapes for the exabyte.

	Misco 			  800-876-1726   $12 - 15 each.	
	TecBridge		  800-972-7405   $12 - 15 each.
	R-Squared		  800-777-3478	 Sony 112m 120@8.00 Each
	K and K Systems		  612-475-1527	 $10 Each
	SCR			  314-739-0808	 $10.95 for Memorex

20)	What is "archie"?

	Archie is a database of what is on several thousand anonymous 
	ftp sites. 

	To use archie get one of the three archie clients which
	are as follows:

		xarchie		-	For use under X11
		c-archie	- 	Curses version of Archie
		archie		- 	Perl Version of Archie
	
	Theses are available from archie.ans.net in the directory 
	/pub/archie.

	List of other publicly available archie servers:

	archie.rutgers.edu   128.6.18.15     (Rutgers University)
	archie.unl.edu       129.93.1.14     (University of Nebraska 
	                                      in Lincoln)
	archie.sura.net      128.167.254.179 (SURAnet archie server)
	archie.ans.net       147.225.1.2     (ANS archie server)
	archie.au            139.130.4.6     (Australian server)
	archie.funet.fi      128.214.6.100   (European server in Finland)
	archie.doc.ic.ac.uk  146.169.11.3    (UK/England server)
	archie.cs.huji.ac.il 132.65.6.15     (Israel server)
	archie.wide.ad.jp    133.4.3.6       (Japanese server)
	archie.th-darmstadt.de 130.83.128.111 (German server)

	
21)	How do I synchronize time on my Network?

	You should use xntp version 3 to synchronize your time. Xntp 
	synchronizes to "atomic" and/or Radio Frequency clocks. Using
	xntp time should always be within a few "milliseconds" of the
	actual time. Xntp does not require a "atomic" clock, any
	stable UNIX host clock will do.

	xntp is available from louie.udel.edu. 
	Get the file /pub/ntp/xntp3?.tar.Z where ? is replaced by the
	latest version letter.

	You will need clock.txt available from the same place.

	xntp works with all versions of SunOS(4.x and 5.x).

	Note: There is a Mac Control version of XNTP now available.

22)	What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance
	to Sun Users? 

	Sun Express: 		1-800-USE-SUNX (1-800-873-7869)
	Main Sun Helpline: 	1-800-USA-4SUN (1-800-872-4786)

	Auspex Systems Inc. :   2952 Bunker Hill Lane
	                        Santa Clara, CA 95054
	                        (800) 735-3177 or (408) 492-0900
                                Fax: (408) 492-0909
	

23) 	How do I join sun related  mailing lists?

	Mailing Lists:

	Sun Managers:	Used for "emergency" information only. The
			users of this list are "very" knowledgeable.
		sun-managers-request@eecs.nwu.edu	add requests
		sun-managers@eecs.nwu.edu		submissions

    	Sun-386i:   discussion about the Sun 386i product
        	sun-386i-request@ssg.com		add requests
        	sun-386i@ssg.com	                submissions

    	Suns-at-home:   discussion about maintaining Sun2/3/4/4c
                    	systems at home
        	suns-at-home-request@harbor.ecn.purdue.edu   add requests
        	suns-at-home@harbor.ecn.purdue.edu           submissions

    	Auspex:  managers of Auspex NFS file servers
        	auspex-request@princeton.edu                    add requests
        	auspex@princeton.edu                            submissions

    	Epoch:  managers of Epoch NFS file servers       
        	EPoch Users Forum  (EPUF)             
        	epuf-request@mcs.anl.gov                        add requests 
        	epuf@mcs.anl.gov                                submissions

	Various SunFlash Mailing Lists:

	SunFlash: 
		  Articles about Sun from Sun. Includes Press Releases,
		  detailed intros, Sun e-newsletters, sunergy announcements
		  
		  John J. McLaughlin Editor/Publisher (flash@sun.com)
		  
		  Available in a variety of formats:
		  List name	  Description
		   
		  sunflash	  daily sunflash. Many articles will have just
		  		  summaries for the articles posted.
		  		  use the autoresponder to get the full text
		  sunflash-f	  full list - all articles - no summaries
		  sunflash-w      weekly list - one summary article per week
		  sunflash-m      monthly list - one summary article per week
		  mt-sunflash	  summary article in the message body, and
		  		  all articles included as MailTool style
		  		  attachemensts
		  mime-sunflash   like mt-sunflash, but with MIME attachements
		  mt-sunflash-w   like mt-sunflash but once per week
		  mime-sunflash-w like mime-sunflash but once per week
		  
		  Subscribe by sending email to majordomo@flashback.com
		  The message body should contain the word subscribe
		  followed by one of above lists names. E.g.
		  	subscribe mt-sunflash
		  
		  
	The Sun FlashBack:
		  Articles of interest to the Sun community from
		  vendors other than Sun. Includes Press Releases,
		  Sun User Group announcements, Product announcements,
		  Company newsletters, newsletter table of contents
		  (e.g. "HPCwire", "WEBster', "SPARCFlash"), 
		  trade magazine table of contents (e.g. "Advanced Systems",
		  "Open Computing", "Sun Onserver"), Conference/Seminar/
		  Trade-Show announcements, Text Book announcements,
		  Sponsored technical articles.
		  
		  John J. McLaughlin Editor/Publisher (flash@flashback.com)
		  
		  Available in a variety of formats:
		  List name	  Description
		   
		  flashback	  daily flashback. Many articles will have just
		  		  summaries for the articles posted.
		  		  use the autoresponder to get the full text
		  flashback-f	  full list - all articles - no summaries
		  flashback-w     weekly list - one summary article per week
		  flashback-m     monthly list - one summary article per week
		  mt-flashback	  summary article in the message body, and
		  		  all articles included as MailTool style
		  		  attachemensts
		  mime-flashback   like mt-flashback, but with MIME attachements
		  mt-flashback-w   like mt-flashback but once per week
		  mime-flashback-w like mime-flashback but once per week
		  
		  Subscribe by sending email to majordomo@flashback.com
		  The message body should contain the word subscribe
		  followed by one of above lists names. E.g.
		  	subscribe mt-flashback
		  
		  Send for intro (article 9001), help, index or fullindex
		  to flashback@flashback.com.
		  ftp archives on draco.nova.edu pub/sunflash
		  WWW files on draco.nova.edu pub/sunflash/www
		  URL ftp://draco.nova.edu/pub/sunflash/www/index.html


	NOTE!!!  if you wish to be added to one of the above mailing lists,
	         send mail to the REQUEST address!  Do not send add requests 
		 to the main address!

	Last Updated:  January 25, 1995.

24)	How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?
	
	You can not use "real" Mac floppies without buying either
	one of the emulator packages like Liken from Andataco(?) or
	Mae from Apple (only runs on Solaris2.3 or above). They
	is another product or two that just allows you to mount
	Macintosh floppies onto your Sun but the vendors
	and product names escape me now.

	That said if all you want to do is exchange files
	the easiest way is to use suntar on the Macintosh to
	copy files to a "high density" floppy.  Then you can use 
	"tar" or "bar" on the Sun to get the files off this floppy.
	It is available from thor.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118)
	as /pub/sun-faq/Source/suntar-203.hqx or visit
	the Info Mac archives at wuarchive.wustl.edu.

	or

	You could use the Apple File Exchanger to translate
	the files to MS-DOS format. Then use one of the many 
	methods for transferring MS-DOS disks to Sun. System 7.5 now
	mounts dos floppies automatically no need for Apple File
	Exchanger.

	These methods should only be used with files like ascii files,
	wordprocessor files, and  spreadsheet data files. Mac
	application programs should not be transfered.
	
	Finally, low density Mac floppies are not compatable
	with Sun floppy drives. 
	
	Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.


25)	How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?

	For Solaris2.2 and above you can use the Volume Manager to
	control your disks and CD-ROM's. Under SunOS 4.0 there are two 
	packages which allow you to do mount floppies (mtools and mntdisk).
	Both of these packages use the 3-1/2inch floppy drive available
        on most SPARCstations.  Mntdisk can be used to manage CD-ROMS
	and other removable media types as well.

	With the advent of the Volume manager in Solaris2.2 these programs
	have been rendered somewhat obsolete. Under Solaris2.x use
	volcheck -v to check in a floppy. Than you can use normal UNIX
	commands on this floppy like cd, mkdir, cp, mv, and ls. It usually 
	gets mounted on /vol/floppy0

	Mtools writes directly to the floppy device and it does not
	require any special privileges. It is faster than mntdisk
	but it requires the user to learn a new set of commands.
	A copy of mtools can be found at 

		thor.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/mtools-2.0.7.tar.Z

	With the proper changes to the source code mtools can even
	be made to work with the Solaris2.x Volume Manager. All 
	you need to do is make mtools look in /vol/dev/diskette/...
	for the floppy devices. 

	mntdisk "mounts" the floppy using the "pcfs" filesystem type. Once
	mounted you can use regular UNIX commands(cp,mv,and rm)
	to access it. The pcfs filesystem is quite slow compared
	to using mtools above.  Mntdisk is available in your local 
	comp.sources.misc archive, Volume 22, Issues 31-33. 
	Mntdsk can be used to mount CD-ROMS and even UFS floppies.

	You should never use "setuid" shell scripts for mounting floppies.
	Also, C programs that use the system() function call should
	not be used either. Both can open up huge security holes
	which hackers can be used to break into your system.

	
	Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.


26)	Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked
	environment?

	In its current form comsat/biff are only usable on the mail
	server. You need to replace them network capable programs.

	A shar file containing network capable versions of comsat
	and biff is available from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the
	file /pub/sun-faq/Source/biff-comsat.

27)	How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?

	You need to get one of the many re-mapping programs. Two
	of these are available from thor.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
	disable-L1-A.tar.Z

	Always password protect your NVRAM. Set the security 
	to command otherwise anyone can set this password
	to anything they want. Of course you can get it back
	as root by doing a strings /dev/eeprom and it should
	show up in plain text. This assumes you have root
	access.

28) 	Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?

	There is a known problem with sendmail and frozen config
	files under 4.1.2.

	The fix is to remove /etc/sendmail.fc. Also, You could 
	try moving it to the end of /etc/rc.local.
	
	However, the best "fix" may be to install the new Berkeley 
	Sendmail it has a number of enhancements, performance
	improvements, and security enhancements.
	
	You can get Berkeley sendmail from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu(128.32.149.78).
	Get the following files: /ucb/sendmail/*8*6*9*
				 /ucb/4bsd/db.tar.Z
	Also, you will need bind 4.9 and it can be found on
	gatekeeper.dec.com(16.1.0.2) in the /pub/BSD/bind/4.9
	directory.

	Finally, if you do not want to build the Berkeley sendmail for
	yourself I will be willing to mail you a copy.

29)	What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?

	8200 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 6000    filesystem
	8500 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 13000   filesystem
					      
	Note: Under 4.1.2 and above you should use rst8. Previous
	      versions did not do anything special for the 8500.

	Note: These parameters are not needed for 5.1.x because
	      it computes these values from the type of Tape Drive
	      you are using. Also, 5.1.x knows about end of tape
	      and does the right thing when it reaches it.

30)	What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?

	In SunOS 4.x the amount of swap space and Virutal memory 
	are one in the same so you need at least as much swap
	as real memory.

	In SunOS 5.x the amount of Virutal memory is equal
	swap space plus real memory. Under SunOS 5.x you
	can actually get away with having no swap space at
	all. We are running a SPARCserver 1000 with no swap
	and 192-Meg of real memory.

	The old rule of thumb is 1.5 to 2 times real memory. This
	can lead to wasted disk space(by having too much swap
	space) or to not having enough. What you need to do
	is to estimate your swap space needs.

	Note: This question is still being worked on.


31)	What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?

	This question is being written.

32)	What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?

        The CPU serial ports - both ordinary serial ports A and B, and
        the port for the keyboard and mouse - use the Zilog Z8530 SCC
        chip.  That chip has a 3-character on-board buffer called the
        "silo".  If a character arrives in the silo, the chip interrupts
        the CPU at a high priority, and the interrupt service routine
        reads the character out of the silo.

        If the interrupt isn't serviced in time, more than 3 characters
        can be placed in the silo by the chip; if so, the chip notes
        that the silo "overflowed", and the interrupt service routine,
        when called, will note that a "silo overflow" occurred.

        If the machine is printing a message from the kernel, interrupts
        from the chip will be held off; if the message takes long enough
        to print, and characters are coming in quickly enough on the
        serial port, more than 3 can arrive, and a "silo overflow" will
        occur.

        It is possible that a machine that's sufficiently busy in other
        code that runs with interrupts held off could get a silo
        overflow as well.

33)	What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages,
	signify?

        The name "zsN" is ambiguous.

        In kernel "config" files, and in the boot-time autoconfig
        messages, "zs0" is the first on-board Z8530 chip, the two
        channels of which handle "ttya" and "ttyb", respectively, and
        "zs1" is the second on-board Z8530 chip, the two channels of
        which handle the keyboard and mouse ports, respectively.

        In "zsN: silo overflow" messages and the like:

                "zs0" is the A channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
                    "ttya";

                "zs1" is the B channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
                    "ttyb";

                "zs2" is the A channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
                    the keyboard;

                "zs3" is the B channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
                    the mouse.

        So a "zs0: silo overflow" error is for "ttya", and a "zs1: silo
        overflow" error is for "ttyb", not for the keyboard or mouse.
        Keyboard silo overflows are "zs2: silo overflow"; mouse silo
        overflows are "zs3: silo overflow".


34)	How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?

        You need to read Chapter 11 in  the "Systems and Network 
	Administration" manual.


35)	I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP
	connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in.  What's wrong?

        The 4.1[.x] UUCP normally runs in even-parity mode when logging
        into another machine.  If the other machine is running in 8
        bits, no parity, mode, the fact that the 8th bit is set on some
        of the characters the Sun is sending to it will confuse it.

        The Sun can be made to turn the 8th bit off by putting
        P_ZERO into the "expect / send" sequence for dialing.
        Good places are /etc/uucp/Systems or /etc/uucp/Dialers.
        Putting it into the Dialers file has the advantage, that
        it's compatible with Taylor UUCP 1.04 and 1.05. You might
        want Taylor UUCP for better UUCP throughput using Taylor
        UUCP's bidirectional i-proto. Here is an example for the
        /etc/uucp/Dialers file, it introduces additionally the
        option of using Hardware Handshaking between modem and
        computer:

        zyxel =,-, "" P_ZERO "" \dA\pTM1S42.6=1\r\c OK\r
                       \EATDT\T\r\c CONNECT STTY=crtscts

        Note: this has to be _ONE_ line !!!

	Last Updated: April  27, 1995.


36)	Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?

        The serial port hardware can do CTS-based control of the flow of
        data *from* the Sun *out* the serial port automatically.  The
        tty driver option for that is the CRTSCTS option; it can be
        specified in:

                the "printcap" "ms" capability for a printer;

                in the "gettytab" "ms", "m0", "m1", or "m2" capabilities
                for a dial-in port;

                the "STTY=" option for a dial-out line for UUCP or "cu"
                [check the UUCP documentation for details];

        and can be specified with the "hf" capability in "/etc/remote"
        for "tip".

        The hardware cannot directly do RTS-based control of the flow of
        data *into* the Sun, and the software does not currently support
        controlling the flow of data into the Sun with RTS.

        NOTE: the EEPROM options in newer Suns do not affect the flow

        control performed by the OS; in fact, the OS ignores the
        "ttya-mode", "ttyb-mode", "ttya-rts-dtr-off", and
        "ttyb-rts-dtr-off" EEPROM options entirely.  You don't need to
        set them to change the way the OS handles the tty, and even if
        you do set them, it won't change the way the OS handles the tty.

	Sun has released a new jumbo tty patch 100513-04 for SunOS 4.1.2 
	and 4.1.3 that incorporates changes to the tty driver to
	support RTS/CTS handshaking. Anyone trying to get RTS/CTS
	handshaking to work should get this patch.


37)	How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the
	state of the Carrier Detect line?

        Prior to SunOS 4.1, you do so either by:

                changing the "flags" field for the serial port device in the
                kernel "config" file, re-running "config", rebuilding
                the kernel, and rebooting with the new kernel;

        or, on the Sun-4c machines:

                changing the setting of the "ttya-ignore-cd" or
                "ttyb-ignore-cd" EEPROM settings if the port is one of
                the CPU serial ports.

        In SunOS 4.1 (and, I think, some SunOS 4.0[.x] releases for the
        Sun386i), you do so by changing the "/etc/ttytab" line for the
        port in question to have the "local" attribute if CD is to be
        ignored, or not to have it if CD is not to be ignored, and
        running the "ttysoftcar" command to tell the kernel that the
        status of the "ignore CD" flag should be changed.

        In 4.1, there's no need to change the EEPROM setting to change
        SunOS's behavior; it may affect the PROM's behavior, but that's
        the only reason why it'd be necessary.

38)	I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry,
	for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change.  Why?

        The "vi" in SunOS 4.1[.x] is based on the System V Release 3.1
        "vi", because that version of "vi" supports 8-bit character
        sets.  That version of "vi" uses "terminfo", not "termcap"; you
        have to change the "terminfo" entry for the terminal.

        You may first have to convert the compiled "terminfo" entry to a
        text entry; "/usr/5bin/infocmp -I " will write
        the text of the "terminfo" entry for the terminal
         to its standard output.

        If you already have a "termcap" entry, you can convert it to a
        "terminfo" entry with "/usr/5bin/captoinfo".

        A text "terminfo" entry must be recompiled in order for programs
        using "terminfo" to use it; "/usr/5bin/tic" will recompile it.

39)	I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock,
	Control, and Esc keys inconvenient.  How do I remedy this?

        Well, one remedy may be to buy the "UNIX layout" version of the
        Type 5; this option seems, unfortunately, to be little-known to
        Sun customers, and Sun may not be promoting it as they should.
        That keyboard has a layout much more friendly to the traditional
        UNIX user than do the normal PC-style layouts for the Type 5.

        If you don't have that option, you can use the appropriate
        program to reprogram the keys; see the next question.

40)	How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the
	Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?

        It depends on which window system you're running, if any.

        If you're not using any window system, or you're using a window
        system such as SunView that uses the OS's keyboard event
        translation mechanism, you can dump the tables used by the OS's
        keyboard event translation mechanism with the "dumpkeys"
        command, and load changes to that table with the "loadkeys"
        command; see LOADKEYS(1).

        If you're using X11 - either in its MIT incarnation, or Sun's
        Open Windows incarnation - or some other window system that
        shuts off the OS's keyboard event translation mechanism, you
        need to use the window system's commands, if any, for that
        function.

        In X11, the command for that is "xmodmap"; its translation
        tables can be printed with "xmodmap -pk", and changes to that
        table can be loaded with "xmodmap" as well.

        NOTE: in the particular case of the Control and Caps Lock keys,
        while MIT X appears to handle interchanging those two keys
        correctly, so that the new Caps Lock key is a toggle and the new
        Control key is not, some versions of Open Windows do not - even
        though the keys have had their mappings exchanged, the window
        system server still thinks that the *old* Caps Lock key, which
        is now the Control key, should be a toggle, and that the *old*
        Control key, which is now the Caps Lock key, should not be a
        toggle.
	[Here is a work-around for this problem, provided by Mark Plotnick
	(mp@allegra.att.COM)]:
	Copy the appropriate keytable (e.g. /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt)
	to $HOME/.keytable, and change the 2nd attribute character in a key's
	attributes field to N or P depending on whether the key should have 
	"pseudolock".
	$ diff /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt /usr/gre/.keytable
	78,79c78,79
	< lock  119                     # CapsLock
	< control        76                     # Control
	---
	> lock   76                     # CapsLock
	> control       119                     # Control
	226c226
	< 76    NN      XK_Control_L
	---
	> 76    NP      XK_Caps_Lock
	278c278
	< 119   NP      XK_Caps_Lock
	---
	> 119   NN      XK_Control_L
 

41)	My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler.  How can I get one?

        SunOS releases prior to 5.x come with a C compiler. However,
        it was an old compiler, and it didn't support ANSI C syntax or 
        ANSI C features.

	The SunSoft Catalyst CD #5 contains the binaries for the GNU C 
	compiler for Solaris 1.x and 2.x. You should get the latest
	version of GCC and compile it using this compiler. 

        Many vendors offer ANSI C compilers for SunOS.  Sun sells Sun C
        1.1 for SPARC, which includes an ANSI C compiler (although not a
        full ANSI C environment, i.e. it doesn't necessarily include all
        the ANSI C include files or library routines); various other
        vendors (Lucid? Others?) sell ANSI C compilers as well.

        The Free Software Foundation's GCC also supports ANSI C syntax
        and ANSI C features. It can be FTP'ed in source form from many
        sites, and in binary form from some sites. 

	A compiled version of the latest GCC for SunOS 5.x is available from 
	prep.ai.mit.edu. The directory containing these files is

		/pub/gnu/sparc-sun-solaris2

	You need to get the following files:
		
		gzip-binaries-1.x.x.tar	
		INSTALL.gcc
		gcc-binaries-2.x.x.tar.gz

	Note: You need the gzip binaries to ungzip the gcc binaries.

	After obtaining GCC, you will need to run fixincludes. 
	The INSTALL.gcc file will tell you how.

	Note: The following sites mirror the GNU software distribution
	      from prep.ai.mit.edu:

        ASIA: 		utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:/ftpsync/prep,
  	      		cair.kaist.ac.kr:/pub/gnu
        AUSTRALIA: 	archie.oz.au:/gnu (archie.oz or archie.oz.au for ACSnet)
        AFRICA: 	ftp.sun.ac.za:/pub/gnu
        MIDDLE-EAST: 	ftp.technion.ac.il:/pub/unsupported/gnu
        EUROPE: 	irisa.irisa.fr:/pub/gnu, grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr:pub/gnu,
  			ftp.mcc.ac.uk, unix.hensa.ac.uk:/pub/uunet/systems/gnu,
  			src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu, ftp.win.tue.nl, ugle.unit.no,
			ftp.denet.dk, ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/gnu,
			ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de, ftp.eunet.ch, 
			nic.switch.ch:/mirror/gnu, nic.funet.fi:/pub/gnu,
			isy.liu.se, ftp.stacken.kth.se,
			ftp.luth.se:/pub/unix/gnu, archive.eu.net
       	CANADA: ftp.cs.ubc.ca:/mirror2/gnu
        USA: 	wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/gnu, labrea.stanford.edu,
  		ftp.kpc.com:/pub/mirror/gnu, ftp.cs.widener.edu,
  		col.hp.com:/mirrors/gnu, ftp.cs.columbia.edu:/archives/gnu/prep,
  		gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/GNU, ftp.uu.net:/systems/gnu


	You should check the site close to you before ftping to
	prep.


42)	How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?

        In releases prior to SunOS 4.0, you will have to reconfigure
        your kernel, recompile it, install the new kernel, and reboot.
        See the documentation on kernel configuration.

        In SunOS 4.0 and later releases, you will need to run the "zic"
        command with the "-l" flag, with the appropriate time zone
        setting as the argument.  For example, to set the time zone to
        US Eastern Time, do:

                zic -l US/Eastern

        to set it to the proper setting for Great Britain and Eire, do:

                zic -l GB-Eire

        and so on.

        You will then probably want to reboot your machine, in order to:

                1) cause any daemons started before the time zone was
                   changed to restart, and pick up the new time zone;

               2) run "tzsetup" for the benefit of old pre-SunOS 4.0
                   binaries, old programs not converted to use the new
                   routines to convert local time to UNIX time, and
                   Calendar Manager.

        You can also manually link "/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/localtime"
        to the appropriate time zone file, but there's really no point
        in doing so when "zic -l" will do that for you.

        In Solaris 2.x, you do it the same way you do it on any other
        SVR4 system - you put a line that says
 
                TZ=