Copyright (c) 1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994 Larry Wall
All rights reserved.
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Installation
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of either:
a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any
later version, or
b) the "Artistic License" which comes with this Kit.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See either
the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the Artistic License with this
Kit, in the file named "Artistic". If not, I'll be glad to provide one.
You should also have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
For those of you that choose to use the GNU General Public License,
my interpretation of the GNU General Public License is that no Perl
script falls under the terms of the GPL unless you explicitly put
said script under the terms of the GPL yourself. Furthermore, any
object code linked with perl does not automatically fall under the
terms of the GPL, provided such object code only adds definitions
of subroutines and variables, and does not otherwise impair the
resulting interpreter from executing any standard Perl script. I
consider linking in C subroutines in this manner to be the moral
equivalent of defining subroutines in the Perl language itself. You
may sell such an object file as proprietary provided that you provide
or offer to provide the Perl source, as specified by the GNU General
Public License. (This is merely an alternate way of specifying input
to the program.) You may also sell a binary produced by the dumping of
a running Perl script that belongs to you, provided that you provide or
offer to provide the Perl source as specified by the GPL. (The
fact that a Perl interpreter and your code are in the same binary file
is, in this case, a form of mere aggregation.) This is my interpretation
of the GPL. If you still have concerns or difficulties understanding
my intent, feel free to contact me. Of course, the Artistic License
spells all this out for your protection, so you may prefer to use that.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perl is a language that combines some of the features of C, sed, awk
and shell. See the manual page for more hype. There are also two Nutshell
Handbooks published by O'Reilly & Assoc. See pod/perlbook.pod
for more information.
Please read all the directions below before you proceed any further, and
then follow them carefully.
After you have unpacked your kit, you should have all the files listed
in MANIFEST.
Installation
1) Run Configure. This will figure out various things about your
system. Some things Configure will figure out for itself, other
things it will ask you about. If the test scripts and programs
run ok, the defaults will usually be right. It will then proceed to
make config.h, config.sh, and Makefile. You may have to explicitly
say sh Configure to ensure that Configure is run under sh.
If you're a hotshot, run Configure -d to take all the defaults and
then edit config.sh to patch up any flaws and run Configure -S.
Configure supports a number of useful options. Run Configure -h
to get a listing. To compile with gcc, for example, you can run
Configure -Dcc=gcc, or answer 'gcc' at the cc prompt. If you
change compilers or make other significant changes, you should
probably _not_ re-use your old config.sh.
By default, perl will be installed in /usr/local/{bin, lib, man}.
You can specify a different prefix for the default installation
directory, when Configure prompts you or by using something like
Configure -Dprefix=/whatever.
You can also supply a file config.over to over-ride Configure's
guesses. It will get loaded up at the very end, just before
config.sh is created.
You might possibly have to trim # comments from the front of Configure
if your sh doesn't handle them, but all other # comments will be taken
care of.
(If you don't have sh, you'll have to copy the sample file config.H to
config.h and edit the config.h to reflect your system's peculiarities.)
2) Glance through config.h to make sure system dependencies are correct.
Most of them should have been taken care of by running the Configure script.
If you have any additional changes to make to the C definitions, they
can be done in cflags.SH. For instance, to turn off the optimizer
on toke.c, find the line in the switch structure for toke.c and
put the command optimize='-g' before the ;;. To change the C flags
for all the files, edit config.sh and change either $ccflags or $optimize.
3) make depend
This will look for all the includes and modify Makefile accordingly.
Configure will offer to do this for you.
4) make
This will attempt to make perl in the current directory.
If you can't compile successfully, try adding a -DCRIPPLED_CC flag.
(Just because you get no errors doesn't mean it compiled right!)
This simplifies some complicated expressions for compilers that
get indigestion easily. If that has no effect, try turning off
optimization. If you have missing routines, you probably need to
add some library or other, or you need to undefine some feature that
Configure thought was there but is defective or incomplete.
Some compilers will not compile or optimize the larger files without
some extra switches to use larger jump offsets or allocate larger
internal tables. You can customize the switches for each file in
cflags.SH. It's okay to insert rules for specific files into
Makefile.SH, since a default rule only takes effect in the
absence of a specific rule.
Many of the following hints are now done automatically by Configure.
Some of the hints here were for Perl 4, and are probably obsolete.
They're left here for the moment just to give you some ideas for
what to try if you're having trouble.
AIX/RT may need a -a switch and -DCRIPPLED_CC.
Ultrix 3.[01] on MIPS needs to undefine WAITPID--the system call is busted.
MIPS machines may need to undef d_volatile.
MIPS machines may need to turn off -O on some files.
Some MIPS machines may need to undefine CASTNEGFLOAT.
Genix may need to use libc rather than libc_s, or #undef VARARGS.
NCR Tower 32 (OS 2.01.01) may need -W2,-Sl,2000 and #undef MKDIR.
A/UX may appear to work with -O -B/usr/lib/big/ optimizer flags.
A/UX may need -lposix to find rewinddir.
A/UX may need -ZP -DPOSIX, and -g if big cc is used.
UTS may need one or more of -DCRIPPLED_CC, -K or -g, and undef LSTAT.
If you get syntax errors on '(', try -DCRIPPLED_CC.
Machines with half-implemented dbm routines will need to #undef I_ODBM
SCO prior to 3.2.4 may be missing dbmclose(). An upgrade to 3.2.4
that includes libdbm.nfs (which includes dbmclose()) may be available.
If you get duplicates upon linking for malloc et al, say -DHIDEMYMALLOC.
If you get duplicate function definitions (a perl function has the
same name as another function on your system) try -DEMBED.
If you get varags problems with gcc, be sure that gcc is installed
correctly. When using gcc, you should probably have i_stdarg='define'
and i_varags='undef' in config.sh.
5) make test
This will run the regression tests on the perl you just made.
If it doesn't say "All tests successful" then something went wrong.
See the README in the t subdirectory. Note that you can't run it
in background if this disables opening of /dev/tty. If "make test"
bombs out, just cd to the t directory and run TEST by hand to see if
it makes any difference. If individual tests bomb, you can run
them by hand, e.g., ./perl op/groups.t
6) make install
This will put perl into a public directory (such as /usr/local/bin).
It will also try to put the man pages in a reasonable place. It will not
nroff the man page, however. You may need to be root to do this. If
you are not root, you must own the directories in question and you should
ignore any messages about chown not working.
make install will also install the following:
perl,
perl5.nnn where nnn is the current release number. This
will be a link to perl.
suidperl,
sperl5.nnn If you requested setuid emulation.
a2p awk-to-perl translator
cppstdin This is used by perl -P, if your cc -E can't
read from stdin.
c2ph, pstruct Scripts for handling C structures in header files.
s2p sed-to-perl translator
find2perl find-to-perl translator
h2xs Converts C .h header files to Perl extensions.
library files in $privlib and $archlib specified to
Configure, usually under /usr/local/lib/perl5/.
man pages in the location specified to Configure, usually
something like /usr/local/man/man1.
Perl's *.h header files and the libperl.a library are also
installed under $archlib so that you may later build new
extensions even if the Perl source is no longer available.
make install may also offer to install perl in a "standard" location.
Most of the documentation in the pod/ directory is also available
in HTML format. Type
cd pod; make html; cd ..
to generate the html versions.
7) Read the manual entries before running perl.
8) IMPORTANT! Help save the world! Communicate any problems and suggested
patches to me, lwall@netlabs.com (Larry Wall), so we can
keep the world in sync. If you have a problem, there's someone else
out there who either has had or will have the same problem.
If possible, send in patches such that the patch program will apply them.
Context diffs are the best, then normal diffs. Don't send ed scripts--
I've probably changed my copy since the version you have. It's also
helpful if you send the output of "uname -a".
Watch for perl patches in comp.lang.perl. Patches will generally be
in a form usable by the patch program. If you are just now bringing up
perl and aren't sure how many patches there are, write to me and I'll
send any you don't have. Your current patch level is shown in patchlevel.h.
Just a personal note: I want you to know that I create nice things like this
because it pleases the Author of my story. If this bothers you, then your
notion of Authorship needs some revision. But you can use perl anyway. :-)
The author.